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EMC standard development trend and instrument solutions for electric vehicles
Release time:
2015-08-24 00:00
Source:
China's electric vehicle EMC standards
The formulation of standards is the embodiment of the technological development level of the industry. my country's electric vehicle standards have always been synchronized with the actual situation of research and development, and some standards are even ahead of them. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the Electric Vehicle Sub-Technical Committee of the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee carried out research on the standard system of pure electric vehicles, and organized the formulation of 16 urgently needed standards, covering the standards of electric vehicles from complete vehicles to key components, filling the gap China's electric vehicle standards blank. It has played a very important role in promoting the research and development of electric vehicles and the performance evaluation of electric vehicles.
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's research and development achievements in the field of hybrid electric vehicles have been numerous, and the corresponding technical standards have also been continuously improved. Completed the formulation of 6 standards for hybrid electric vehicles, 4 basic standards shared by electric vehicles, and revised 3 original pure electric vehicle standards in order to adapt to the development of technology. Subsequently, some standards were revised, supplemented and improved according to the development of domestic technology. So far, there are 32 electric vehicle standards. These standards not only take into account the relevant advanced standards abroad, but also adapt to the actual domestic research and development level.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the formulation of fuel cell vehicle standards was launched, and the original standards for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles were further improved. Up to now, my country has released 42 electric vehicle standards, most of which are formulated with reference to relevant foreign standards and international standards.
China's electric vehicle standard system still needs to be further improved, mainly focusing on the following aspects:
1) Vehicle standards : The current vehicle standards include some common standards and test method standards, but the coverage of vehicle models is incomplete, the safety standards are incomplete, and vehicle interchangeability standards and technical conditions need to be supplemented;
2) Battery system standards : The common standards in China's current battery standards are basically complete, but the safety standards, interchangeability standards and technical requirements standards should be supplemented and perfected. Although the test methods of fuel cells are involved, they should be based on research and development needs Accelerate the formulation of special standards;
3) Motor drive system standards : China's existing vehicle motor standards include two items: test method standards and technical condition standards, and lack general standards, safety standards and interchangeability standards. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate these standards as soon as possible;
4) Infrastructure standards : China has carried out a lot of work in the demonstration and application of electric vehicles, but the research on the construction of charging stations and the formulation of standards are still in their infancy, and the charging machines (stations) and related system components of each demonstration project are only applicable to specific models , lack of uniform construction standards;
5) Other standards : Electric vehicles have a wide range of impacts on the environment and are quite complex. Environmental protection standards that should be formulated include noise pollution of electric vehicles, noise pollution when charging on-board chargers, and harmonic interference to the power grid when charging vehicles Noise, power battery pollution, recycling and dismantling and recycling of waste motors and other standards.
Up to now, China has formulated and issued 42 standards related to electric vehicles with the approval of the standardization authority, including 31 national standards and 11 industry standards. In addition, there are 7 standards being submitted for approval, and 11 standards to be reviewed, see the table below .
The standard system framework of electric vehicles in my country can be represented by the following figure:
China's electric vehicle standard system initially meets the government's needs for electric vehicle management, and provides standard support for the "New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers and Product Access Management Rules". and technical support. Compared with international standards, my country's electric vehicle standards are not behind, and many are ahead of international standards. In the process of formulating China's EV standards, it not only refers to international standards, but also pays more attention to independent drafting according to the research and development and demonstration operation of China's electric vehicles. Among the released EV standards, 6 are equivalent or equivalent to international standards, 13 are reformulated with reference to international and foreign standards, and 22 are completely independently formulated.
my country's electric vehicle standardization work plan during the 12th Five-Year Plan:
>> Phase 1 : System planning and urgently needed standard phase ( September 2010 to December 2011 )
The key tasks are: concentrate all forces, do a good job in the planning of the new energy vehicle standard system with electric vehicles as the mainstay, and start to formulate and revise and issue a batch of urgently needed standards, in line with the current national scientific research projects and industrialization during the 12th Five-Year Period Implementation and implementation of policies such as demonstration operation of 1,000 vehicles in ten cities, subsidies for energy conservation and benefits for the people, and subsidies for private purchases of new energy vehicles
>> The second phase : implementation planning and accelerated standard formulation phase ( January 2012 to December 2013 )
The key tasks are: fully implement the new energy vehicle system planning, accelerate the formulation and revision of specific standards in the system planning, and basically change the unfavorable situation that the formulation of energy-saving and new energy vehicle standards lags behind the development of the industry.
>>> Focus on solving the problem of lack of standards
>>> The number of standards is adapted to the demand
>>> Synchronous development of standards and R&D, industrialization and demonstration operation
>> The third stage : perfect planning and sound standard stage ( January 2014 to December 2015 )
The key task is to improve the standard system planning for energy-saving and new energy vehicles. All the specific standards in the plan have been drafted and revised to form a scientific, systematic, open, orderly and dynamically adjustable new energy vehicle standard system that can fully meet the needs of scientific research, The needs of industrialization, commercialization and management have become an important technical support for the energy-saving and new energy automobile industry, while strengthening discipline construction and personnel training.
International Electric Vehicle EMC Standards
Electric vehicle technology is actually a synthesis of vehicle manufacturing technology and electric traction and control technology. On the one hand, it is a road vehicle, and on the other hand, it is an electrical device. The formulation of its standards must take into account the two attributes of road vehicles and electrical equipment, and belongs to multiple standardization technical committees. There are actually two international organizations currently carrying out electric vehicle standardization work, namely the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The standardization work division of the two is different: ISO mainly considers the whole of electric vehicles, including performance requirements, measurement methods, non-traction equipment on the vehicle, etc.; IEC mainly considers electrical components of electric vehicles, including electric traction systems, control systems, etc. and charging devices, etc.
In recent years, the research on electric vehicle standards has received extensive attention around the world. The two major international standardization organizations, ISO and IEC, have also significantly accelerated the formulation and revision of relevant standards for electric vehicles. The World Vehicle Regulations Harmonization Forum UN/ECE/WP29 has also accelerated Research on the mandatory testing content of electric vehicles and revision of regulations. Up to now, the international standards that have been released in the field of electric vehicles mainly include 11 ISO standards and 9 IEC standards; including 1 term standard, 10 vehicle performance standards, 5 power battery standards, and 4 charger (station) standards , see the table below .
The IEC and ISO formed a joint working group to devote themselves to the forward-looking research on the communication protocol from the vehicle to the grid in the field of electric vehicle standard research . The main focus of the research is on the following aspects:
1) Bidirectional energy flow vehicle/grid between electric vehicles and the grid: The future development trend of electric vehicles will enable them to be charged from the grid as an energy consumer and to be used as an external grid during peak periods of electricity consumption. When the power supply is tight, it can be used as an energy storage device to transmit power to the grid, which forms a two-way energy flow between electric vehicles and the grid. How to make this two-way energy flow effectively and orderly is a key point in the research.
2) The payment for the energy charged by the car (the payment for the energy charged by the car): mainly discusses how to pay and pay taxes quickly and conveniently when electric vehicles travel between different countries in the European Union.
3) The compensation for the energy delivered by the car: Electric vehicles need to be charged for charging, and how to compensate the electric vehicles when they transmit power to the grid is also an aspect worth discussing.
4) Intelligent communication which is needed for energy metering and defining the user readiness for charge (intelligent communication which is needed for energy metering and defining the user readiness for charge): Electric vehicles can provide intelligent reminders during driving to inform the owner of the location of the charging station and the power supply situation , and even prompts the number of electric vehicles waiting for the service of the charging station, which will help car owners make a decision whether to charge at this charging station, which is conducive to planned charging, eases the power consumption pressure of the charging station, and avoids charging congestion and artificially created excessive More charging peaks, thereby reducing carbon emissions and carbon consumption of the charging system.
New requirements and instrument solutions for electric vehicle testing
The EMC test of electric vehicles is mainly to study the transient interference of the power supply part, and the subsequent upgrade of the standard will also focus on the research of the interference of the voltage part.
Acquisition of a large amount of on-site data can improve the product's compliance with the standard. AutoWave, an arbitrary waveform analog recorder for vehicle power supply system, is based on dual-core processor technology and integrates high-performance PC, digital signal processor (DSP) and hard disk, which can generate and record waveforms in real time. . Even the most complex waveforms, such as iterations of waveform parameters in a complete test cycle, or pseudo-random selection of waveform parameters, can be edited by AutoWave.
>> Frequency range: DC - 50kHz
>> Sampling rate: 5Hz - 500kHz , optional
>> The sampling rate is 50KHz and can record continuously for more than 24 hours
>> Waveforms can be played back through the system for fault repeat testing
New requirements for PHEV/EV testing
Electric Vehicle Simplified Circuit
RESS charging mode, coupled to the grid ("RESS" refers to a rechargeable energy storage system that provides electric power to the vehicle .)
car test
- Annex 11: Test method for transient harmonics on AC power lines of vehicles ( IEC 61000-3-2 // IEC 61000-3-12 )
- Annex 12: Test methods for voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker on AC power lines of vehicles ( IEC 61000-3-3 // IEC 61000-3-11 )
- Annex 15 : Test method for electrical fast transient burst immunity along vehicle AC and DC power lines (IEC 61000-4-4 )
- Annex 16: Test method for surge immunity along vehicle AC and DC power lines (IEC 61000-4-5 )
- Annex 17: Test method for transient harmonics on AC power lines for electronic components ( IEC 61000-3-2 )
- Annex 18: Test methods for voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker on AC power lines for electronic components ( IEC 61000-3-3 )
- Annex 21: Test method for electrical fast transient burst immunity along AC and DC power supply lines of electronic assemblies (IEC 41000-4-4 )
- Annex 22: Test method for surge immunity along AC and DC power lines of electronic assemblies (IEC 61000-4-5 )
Charging Station Test Requirements
- IEC 61000-4-4 (EFT/Burst)
- IEC 61000-4-5 (Surge)
- IEC 61000-4-6 (Cond. RF Immunity BCI)
- IEC 61000-3-2 and -3-12 (Harmonics)
- IEC 61000-3-3 and -3-11 (Flicker)
- CISPR 16-2-1 AC/DC电源线射频传导骚扰测量
- CISPR 22 通信线射频传导骚扰测量
- CDN： 3x480V AC/32A and up to 100A
电动车辆充电系统新的IEC测试要求
IEC 61851-21 Ed.2.0 Part 21
>> 额定电流≤16A的电动车充电系统，谐波限值在IEC610003-2 Class A (table 2)中规定
>> 电动车充电系统的交流输入额定电流>16A，≤75A，测试条件和谐波限值在IEC 61000-3-12：2004中规定。
PHEV/EV测试产品方案
>> 车上–> RESS
>> 车外–> 充电站
>>> 瞬态发生器UCS 500N7， 加上3*480V AC， 1000V DC/32A 或 100A的耦合网络CNI 503，完全依据标准IEC 61000-4-4和-5
>>> Programmable AC /DC power supply NetWave series (7kVA, 22,5kVA, 30kVA or 60 kVA) ( The generation of harmonics is completely in accordance with the standard IEC 61000-4-13)
>>> Harmonic Analyzer DPA 500N or DPA 503N according to the standard IEC 61000-3-2 and -12 ( harmonics )
>>> Flicker resistance AIF 503N series (16, 32, 63 or 75A) according to the standard IEC 61000-3-3 and -11 ( flicker )
>>> Power failure simulator PFS 503 series (32, 63, 100A) according to the standard IEC 61000-4-11 ( voltage dips and changes )
RESS Surge Test Configuration
>> The Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) should be in charging mode and the vehicle should also be placed directly on the ground level.
>> 测试等级应该根据标准IEC 61000-4-5 Ed. 2 来选择。
RESS脉冲群测试配置
>> 可充电储能系统(RESS) 应处于充电模式，车辆也应直接放置在地平面上。
>> 测试等级应该根据标准IEC 61000-4-4 Ed. 2 来选择。
RESS谐波闪烁测试配置
>> 可充电储能系统(RESS) 应处于充电模式， 电流最少是初始值的80%。
>> 限值应依据标准IEC 61000-3-2 /12 和 61000-3-3/-11 来选择。
车内– PHEV/EV
>> IEC 61000-4-4 (EFT/Burst)
>> IEC 61000-4-5 (Surge)
>> 模拟MOSFET和IGBT产生的干扰 (逆变器, IGBT 模块等)
>> CDN, 3x480V AC/32A to 100A and 1000V DC
Note: There are no special requirements for traditional ISO tests (micropulse, EFT, load dump) for automotive electronics .
Square wave interference test configuration at the HV power supply side
>> This test is to simulate the interference generated by MOSFET and IGBT ( inverter , IGBT module, etc. ). It is still in the evaluation stage, and there is no standard to specify the technical parameters and test arrangement of the generator.
Square wave simulator :
>> Bandwidth: 1Hz - 300kHz
>> Slew rate: 100V/us
>> Amplitude: to 140Vpp
>> Current: Max 5A
