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Decode the EMC standard of Lantu Automotive Electronic Parts -- Q/DH-YA07-05A-2021
Release time:
2022-04-13 00:00
Source:
Summary
Introduces the EMC test methods, evaluation indicators and test result evaluation requirements for automotive electronic parts and components specified in Q/DH-YA07-05A-2021.
Key words
Electromagnetic compatibility; automotive electronic components; conduction emission; transient emission; radiation emission; magnetic field emission; transient coupling anti-interference; transient conduction anti-interference; large current injection anti-interference; radiation anti-interference; portable transmitter anti-interference; magnetic field Anti-interference; electrostatic discharge anti-interference.
1 Introduction
Lantu Automobile, a smart electric brand, was established in 2018 and is affiliated to the world's top 500 Dongfeng Motor Group Co., Ltd.
Q/DH-YA07-05A-2021 was released on 2021-06-30, which stipulates the electromagnetic compatibility requirements that Lantu automobile electrical and electrical systems must comply with.
Q/DH-YA07-05A-2021 is suitable for electronic components of all models of Lantu.
2 General requirements
The document stipulates the following general requirements, and the unspecified requirements shall be implemented in accordance with the referenced standards.
1) All product EMC tests should be carried out by a third-party testing agency approved by Lantu;
2) Special environmental requirements: ESD humidity environment conditions 20%-60%;
3) Immunity test step size: 0.01M~10MHz step size 10%, 10M~400MHz step size 5%, 400M~3200MHz step size 2%;
4) The dwell time of immunity test is 2s;
5) The electrostatic discharge test is carried out before other test items start, and the samples tested by other items must first pass the ESD test, and all other test items except the ESD test can be carried out in any order;
6) The test needs to verify at least 3 samples of the same batch, and no replacement is allowed during the test;
7) The artificial power network shall meet the requirements specified in each referenced/quoted standard;
8) Receiver parameter setting requirements:
|
bandwidth MHz |
peak detection |
quasi-peak detection |
mean detection |
||||||
|
bandwidth kHz |
step size kHz |
time ms |
bandwidth kHz |
step size kHz |
time ms |
bandwidth kHz |
step size kHz |
time ms |
|
|
0.15~30 |
9 |
5 |
50 |
9 |
5 |
1000 |
9 |
5 |
50 |
|
>30 |
120 |
50 |
5 |
120 |
50 |
1000 |
120 |
50 |
5 |
|
GPS |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/ |
9 |
5 |
5 |
3 Detailed requirements for test items
The EMC test items required for components and their systems depend on the types of electronic and electrical components they contain. Parts composed of different components have different requirements for EMC test items.
3.1 Conducted emissions
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) BM category - brush rectifier DC motor;
2) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
3) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
4) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
5) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
6) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
7) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic control relays;
8) Class AW—Electronic parts that operate wirelessly, such as tire pressure monitoring devices, remote keys, etc.
Conducted emission (CE 101) test objects are power lines and signal/control lines. The voltage method is usually used for the power line, and the current method is usually used for the signal/control line. The measurement frequency range of the two methods is 150 kHz to 108 MHz.
The test is required to be carried out in an electromagnetic shielding room or a semi-anechoic room. The test method refers to GB/T 18655-2018 (CISPR 25:2016), and the limit value refers to the standard limit value level 3 of GB/T 18655, which will not be described in detail this time.
3.2 Transient emission
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) Class R—inductive components, such as: relays, solenoids, buzzers, electric horns, etc.;
2) BM type - DC motor with brush rectification;
3) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
4) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
5) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic force control relays;
The test object of transient emission (CE102) is the power cord, and the test method refers to GB/T 21437.2-2008.
For motor parts with locked-rotor conditions (such as window regulator motors and seat adjustment motors), additional test requirements for locked-rotor conditions should be added. If there are protective measures inside the motor, it can limit or cut off the current, the test shall be carried out under the maximum mechanical load condition.
Fast pulses must meet the requirements of GB/T 21437.2 level IV limits (maximum level +100V, minimum level: -150V), slow pulses meet GB/T 21437.2 level III (maximum level: +75 V, maximum level: -100 V) limit requirements.
3.3 Radiated emissions
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) BM category - brush rectifier DC motor;
2) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
3) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
4) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
5) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
6) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
7) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic control relays;
The measurement frequency range of the basic limits of radiated emission RE 201 is 30MHz to 1GHz, and the limits refer to GB 34660:2017. In addition, the limit requirements for broadcasting, mobile services, and GPS service frequency bands are stipulated, and the measurement frequency range is 0.15MHz to 2.5GHz. The test method refers to GB/T 18655-2018 (CISPR 25:2016), which will not be described in detail this time.
It is forbidden to use composite antennas for testing, test frequency band and test antenna requirements:
1) 0.15MHz ~ 30MHzlm monopole antenna.
2) 30MHz ~ 200MHz biconical antenna.
3) 200 MHz ~ 1000MHz logarithmic periodic antenna.
4) 1000 MHz～6000MHz horn antenna.
For the 0.15MHz～30MHz frequency band test, the antenna only needs to be tested for vertical polarization; for other test frequency bands, the antenna needs to be measured in the vertical and horizontal polarization states respectively.
3.4 Magnetic field emission
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) BM category - brush rectifier DC motor;
2) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
3) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
4) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
5) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
6) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
7) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic control relays;
The measuring frequency range of the magnetic field emission RE 301 is 20 Hz to 150000 Hz. The antenna uses the coil specified in the MIL STD 461E standard (13.3cm in diameter, 36 turns), and the test distance is (70±5)mm.
The minimum dwell time is 150ms.
3.5 Transient coupling anti-interference
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
2) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
4) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
5) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
6) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
7) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic control relays;
The test object of transient coupling immunity (CI101) is the signal/control line, and the test method is based on the GB/T 21437.3-2010 (ISO 7637.3:2007) standard. The CCC method and the ICC method are adopted. The test levels of the CCC method are -150V and +100V. The ICC method uses the highest level IV of the reference standard. The test results of the two test methods are judged as criterion A.
3.6 Transient conduction anti-interference
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
2) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
3) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
4) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
5) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic force control relays;
The subject of the Transient Conducted Immunity (CI 102) is the power cord. The test method is based on the GB/T 21437.2-2008 (ISO 7637.2:2004) standard, which will not be described in detail this time. The test grades are the highest grades in the reference standards.
Transient Conducted Immunity Requirements
|
Pulse type |
Voltage Us |
testing time |
Component functional status requirements |
||
|
Class I function |
Class I Function |
I Class II function |
|||
|
1 |
-100V |
5 00 pulses |
C |
C |
C |
|
2a |
50V |
5 00 pulses |
A |
A |
A |
|
2 b |
10V |
10 pulses |
C |
C |
C |
|
3a |
-150V |
1 hour |
A |
A |
A |
|
3 b |
100V |
1 hour |
A |
A |
A |
|
4 |
6V _ |
1 pulse |
C |
C |
C |
|
5b |
8 7v |
1 pulse |
B |
C |
C |
|
Note: 1 ) Pulse 1 and 2b only apply to power lines controlled by the ignition switch 2 ) Pulse 4 is only suitable for power lines that are powered by constant power and controlled by the ignition switch when starting 3 ) 5b pulse US* is 21.5V |
|||||
3.7 High current injection anti-interference
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
2) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
3) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
4) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
5) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
6) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic force control relays;
The subject of high current injection immunity (BCI) RI 201 is the wire harness, and the test method is based on the GB/T 33014.4-2016 (ISO 11452-4:2005) standard. The test is required to be carried out in a shielded room or a semi-anechoic room.
The test is divided into two injection modes: differential mode high current injection (DBCI) and common mode high current injection (CBCI). DBCI test frequency range is 0.1MHz~30MHz, CBCI test frequency range is 30MHz~400MHz,
Test method, DBCI test DUT power return line is placed outside the current probe, CBCI test all harnesses are placed inside the current probe.
The test level is stricter than the reference standard recommended level:
|
Frequency Range |
Modulation |
Current d B (uA) |
Component functional status requirements |
||
|
Class I function |
Class I Function |
I Class II function |
|||
|
1MHz~15MHz |
CW,AM 80% |
7 0~106 |
A |
A |
A |
|
15MHz~30MHz |
CW,AM 80% |
106 |
A |
A |
A |
|
30MHz~400MHz |
CW,AM 80% |
106~96 |
A |
A |
A |
3.8 Radiation anti-jamming
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
2) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
3) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
4) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
5) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
6) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic force control relays;
7) AW category—electronic parts that operate wirelessly, such as tire pressure monitoring devices, remote keys, etc.
The test object of radiation immunity (RI 202) is the whole machine/housing, and the test method is based on the GB/T 33014.2-2016 (ISO 11452-2:2004) standard. The test is required to be carried out in a semi-anechoic chamber.
The test frequency band is only 400MHz~800MHz, and the radar wave frequency band is 1.2GHz~1.4GHz, 2.7GHz~3.1GHz.
The test level is higher than the recommended level of the reference standard:
|
Frequency Range |
Modulation |
electric field |
Component functional status requirements |
||
|
Class I function |
Class I Function |
I Class II function |
|||
|
400MHz~800MHz |
CW,AM 80% |
100V/m |
A |
A |
A |
|
800MHz~2GHz |
CW, PMa |
100V/m |
A |
A |
A |
|
1.2GHz~1.4GHz 2.7GHz~3.1GHz |
PMb |
300V/m |
/ |
A |
A |
|
1.2GHz~1.4GHz 2.7GHz~3.1GHz |
PMb |
600V/m |
A |
/ |
/ |
|
Note: a pulse PRR=217Hz, PD=577us; b pulse PRR=300Hz, PD=3us |
|||||
3.9 Portable Transmitter Anti-jamming
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
2) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
3) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
4) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
5) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
6) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic force control relays;
The hand-held transmitter immunity test item is suitable for components installed in the passenger compartment or luggage and working in the radiation environment of the vehicle-mounted transmitter. The test method is based on the ISO 11452-9:2009 standard. The test is required to be completed in a semi-anechoic chamber, the test frequency range is 360MHz~5850MHz, and the test antenna is recommended to use SBA9113+420NJ antenna.
The test level is higher than the recommended level of the reference standard:
Handheld Transmitter Immunity Requirements
|
Frequency Range |
Modulation |
Test power RMS |
Target |
||
|
Class I function |
Class II function |
Class III function |
|||
|
360MHz~480MHz |
PM,18Hz,50% |
9.0W |
A |
A |
A |
|
480MHz~800MHz |
PM,18Hz,50% |
10.0W |
A |
A |
A |
|
800MHz~1000MHz |
PM,217Hz,12.5% |
14.0W |
A |
A |
A |
|
1600MHz~1950MHz |
PM,217Hz,12.5% |
3.0W |
A |
A |
A |
|
1950MHz~2200MHz |
PM,217Hz,12.5% |
1.5W |
A |
A |
A |
|
2400MHz~2700MHz |
PM,1600Hz,50% |
0.5W |
A |
A |
A |
|
5725MHz~5850MHz |
PM,1600Hz,50% |
1W |
A |
A |
A |
The test layout of DUT refers to ISO 11452-9, and the test method is slightly different from ISO 11452-9. According to the actual use of DUT, it is divided into two test methods, as follows:
illustrate:
1-RF Generator 2-High Quality Double Shielded Coaxial Cable 3-Test Antenna 4-DUT 5-Insulation Support 6-Test Harness 7-Load Simulator 8-Artificial Network 9-Car Battery 10-Support Equipment 11-Grounding Plane
Situation 1: The first 300mm of the DUT and its wiring harness (measured from the connector) may be intentionally/unintentionally placed at a distance of 50mm to 200mm from a handheld wireless transmitter.
DUT test:
a) The distance h from the antenna to the DUT is 50mm, the available test area of the antenna is 100mm×100mm, and the antenna position is stepped by 100mm;
b) Place the antenna parallel to the wires of the tested part, facing the center of the tested surface (see the figure below);
c) Rotate the antenna horizontally by 90 degrees and repeat step b);
d) Repeat step b) and step c) for each square;
e) Move the antenna to the center of the edge of the component under test (see the figure below);
f) Rotate the antenna horizontally by 90 degrees (repeat step e);
g) Repeat steps e) and f) for each square.
DUT harness test:
Align the center of the antenna to the center of the connection between the wire harness and the DUT, and the antenna is parallel to the wire harness (see the figure below).
If the DUT has multiple connectors, the above tests are required for each connector harness.
Case 2: remote control keys and similar devices that may come into direct contact with hand-held portable transmitters, and all other DUTs that may be installed within 50 mm of storage space within the first 300 mm of all surfaces and their wiring harnesses.
DUT test:
a) The distance h from the antenna to the DUT is 5mm, and the antenna position is stepped by 30mm
b) Place the antenna parallel to the wires of the tested part, facing the center of the tested surface (see the figure below),
c) Rotate the antenna horizontally by 90 degrees and repeat step a);
d) Repeat step b) and step c) for each square;
DUT harness test:
Align the center of the antenna to the center of the connection between the wire harness and the DUT, and the antenna is parallel to the wire harness (see the figure below).
If the DUT has multiple connectors, the above tests are required for each connector harness.
3.10 Magnetic field anti-interference
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
The test method of magnetic field anti-interference RI104 is based on the ISO 11452-8:2007 standard, using the "radiation coil method".
The test frequency range is 0.015kHz~150kHz, and the single-point test is 16.67Hz, 50Hz, 150Hz, 250Hz, 60Hz, 180Hz, 300Hz, two more frequency points of 250Hz and 300Hz are tested than the standard recommendation.
The test level adopts the most severe level IV in the reference standard.
Magnetic Field Immunity Requirements
|
Frequency Range |
Modulation |
Magnetic field A/m |
Target |
||
|
Class I function |
Class I Function |
I Class II function |
|||
|
0 .015kHz~1kHz |
CW |
1 000 |
A |
A |
A |
|
1kHz~10kHz |
CW |
1000 / F2 _ |
A |
A |
A |
|
10kHz~150kHz |
CW |
1 0 |
A |
A |
A |
3.11 Electrostatic discharge anti-interference
Applicable electrical and electronic component categories:
1) Class P—passive electronic modules, such as: resistors, capacitors, inductors, clamping diodes, light-emitting diodes, thermistors, etc.;
2) EM category—electronically controlled DC motor;
3) Class A - electronic modules containing active electronic components, such as: analog operational amplifier circuits, switching power supplies, microprocessor-based controllers and displays;
4) Class AS—Electronic modules powered by power sources located in other electronic modules, usually sensors that provide input to the controller;
5) Class AM - electronic modules containing magnetic field sensitive components, or electronic modules connected to external magnetic sensitive components;
6) Class AX—electronic modules that contain electronically controlled motors, or electronic modules that control external inductive devices;
7) Class AY—electronic modules containing magnetic control relays;
8) Class AW—Electronic parts that operate wirelessly, such as tire pressure monitoring devices, remote keys, etc.
Electrostatic discharge anti-interference ESD01 test method is based on GB/T 19951 standard.
The humidity requirement is 20%~60%, which is looser than the humidity requirement of some automobile manufacturers for ESD tests.
The ESD test needs to be carried out in the power-on mode and the power-off mode. In the power-on mode, the discharge point covers the position that may be touched by people when the DUT is used in a real vehicle. In the power-off mode, the discharge point covers handling, assembly, use, and maintenance. , the location that may be touched by people, the AW class only needs to perform the power-off mode test.
Only two kinds of discharge networks are used: 330pF/330Ω (power-on mode), 150pF/330Ω (power-on mode + power-off mode).
The test level is similar to the requirements of some automobile manufacturers, and will not be described in detail this time.
4 Epilogue
Lantu’s technical requirements for electromagnetic compatibility of automotive electronic components, among which EMI emission items, test methods and limits refer to the referenced standards, and there are no special requirements. For the EMS anti-disturbance project, the following points need to be paid attention to in terms of test methods and levels:
(1) The anti-interference test method of portable transmitters, in addition to meeting the requirements of its reference standards, adds a test requirement of 5mm test distance for some DUTs. For the test methods of other immunity items, refer to the quoted standards.
(2) Transient coupling anti-interference, transient coupling conduction anti-interference, portable transmitter anti-interference, magnetic field anti-interference and electrostatic discharge anti-interference, the test level adopts the reference standard recommended level or the highest level.
(3) The test levels of high current injection anti-interference and radiation anti-interference are higher than those recommended by reference standards.