Introduction to EMC testing of electric balance car_Century Wisdom (Suzhou) Testing Technology Co., Ltd

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Introduction to EMC testing of electric balance car

Release time:

2022-06-24 00:00

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　　Electric balance car, also known as somatosensory car, thinking car, camera car and so on. There are mainly two types of single wheel and double wheel on the market. Its operating principle is mainly based on a basic principle called "Dynamic Stabilization". Life is developing in the direction of intelligence and convenience. The unicycle self-balancing vehicle conforms to this trend, conforms to the trend of the times, and has a good development prospect. Therefore, the safety of the electric balance car has become a factor that cannot be ignored.

　　This article makes a detailed interpretation of the current national standard "GBT 40309-2021 Electromagnetic Compatibility Emission and Immunity Requirements for Electric Balancing Vehicles" for electric self-balancing vehicles from the perspective of background, scope of application, test items and judgment basis.

　　1. Classification:

　　According to its working mode, the electric balance car has the following classifications for its EMC test items:

Operating mode	Pilot projects
Operating mode	launch test	Immunity test
charging mode	1. Conduction emission 2. Radiation emission 3. Harmonic current 4. Voltage fluctuation and flicker	1. Electrostatic discharge immunity 2. RF electromagnetic field radiation immunity 3. Fast transient burst immunity 4. Surge immunity 5. Radio frequency field induced conduction immunity 6. Power frequency magnetic field immunity 7 , Voltage dip/short interruption immunity
operating mode	1. Radiation emission	1. Electrostatic discharge immunity 2. RF electromagnetic field radiation immunity 3. Power frequency magnetic field immunity

　　2. Test items:

　　2.1 Conducted emission

　　2.1.1 Limits

　　Conducted emission limit requirements:

Frequency RangeMHz	QP dB(μV）	AV dB(μV）
0.15~0.50	66~56	56~46
0.50~5	56	46
5~30	60	50

　　2.1.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode

　　2.2 Radiated emissions

　　2.2.1 Limits

　　Table 1: 30MHz~1GHz Radiated Emission Limits

Band MHz	10m distance	3m distance
Band MHz	QP dB(μV/m)	QP dB(μV/m)
30~230	30	40
230~1000	37	47

　　Table 2: 1GHz~6GHz radiated emission limits (3m)

frequency bandGHz	AV dB(μV/m)	PK dB(μV/m)
1~3	50	70
3~6	54	74

　　Note, the upper limit of the measurement frequency point is as follows

　　A: If the working frequency is lower than 108MHz, the upper limit of the test is 1GHz;

　　B: If the working frequency is 108~500MHz, the upper limit of the test is 2GHz;

　　C: If the operating frequency is 500~1000MHz, the upper limit of the test is 5GHz;

　　D: If the working frequency is higher than 1GHz, the upper limit of the test is 5 times the frequency point, and the upper limit is 6GHz

　　2.2.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. Suitable for charging mode and running mode;

　　2. The charging mode should be tested as a floor-standing device, 10~15cm away from the metal ground;

　　3. In the operation mode, the wheels are suspended in the air, and the distance from the metal ground is less than or equal to 15cm;

　　2.3 Harmonic current

　　2.3.1 Limits

　　Refer to the harmonic current emission limits specified in IEC61000-3-2

　　2.3.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode

　　2.3 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker

　　2.3.1 Limits

　　Refer to the harmonic current emission limits specified in IEC61000-3-3

　　2.3.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode

　　2.4 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity

　　2.4.1 Limits

　　A. Use ±2kV, ±4kV test voltage contact discharge;

　　B. Use ±2kV, ±4kV and ±8kV test voltage air discharge;

　　Tested with reference to the IEC 61000-4-2 standard

　　2.4.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. Suitable for charging mode and running mode;

　　2. The charging mode should be tested as a floor-standing device, 10~15cm away from the metal ground;

　　3. In the operation mode, the wheels are suspended in the air, and the distance from the metal ground is less than or equal to 15cm;

　　2.5 Radiated Immunity

　　2.5.1 Limits

　　A. 80M~1000MHz, 3V/m, the step is less than 1%, and the dwell time is not less than 1s;

　　B. 1.4~2.0GHz, 3V/m, the step is less than 1%, and the dwell time is not less than 1s;

　　C. 2.0~2.7GHz, 1V/m, the step is less than 1%, and the dwell time is not less than 1s;

　　Test with reference to IEC 61000-4-3 standard

　　2.5.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. Suitable for charging mode and running mode;

　　2. The charging mode should be tested as a desktop device;

　　3. Operation mode, the wheels are suspended in the air;

　　2.6 Fast burst immunity

　　2.6.1 Limits

　　A. Signal line ±0.5KV, 5/50ns waveform, 5 or 100kHz repetition frequency;

　　B. Power line ±1KV, 5/50ns waveform, 5 or 100kHz repetition rate;

　　Tested with reference to the IEC 61000-4-4 standard

　　2.6.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode;

　　2.7 Surge (shock) immunity

　　2.7.1 Limits

　　A. Line-to-line: ±1kV, 1.2/50μs waveform;

　　B. Line to ground: 2kV, 1.2/50μs waveform;

　　Tested with reference to IEC 61000-4-5 standard

　　2.7.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode;

　　2.8 Conducted disturbance immunity

　　2.8.1 Limits

　　150k~80MHz, 3V, AM80% (1kHz) modulation;

　　Tested with reference to IEC 61000-4-6 standard

　　2.8.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode;

　　2.9 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity

　　2.9.1 Limits

　　3A/m，50Hz;

　　Test with reference to IEC 61000-4-8 standard

　　2.9.2 Test Status

　　Note: Applicable to charging mode and running mode;

　　2.10 Immunity to voltage dips and short interruptions

　　2.10.1 Limits

　　A, sag: 0%U, 0.5 cycle; 40%U, 10 cycle; 70%U, 25 cycle;

　　B. Interrupt: 0%U, 250 cycles;

　　Tested with reference to the IEC 61000-4-11 standard

　　2.10.2 Test Status

　　Note: for charging mode

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