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Introduction to EMC testing of charging piles

Release time:

2022-08-18 00:00

Source:

　　The acceptance of new energy vehicles is getting higher and higher, and there are more and more new energy vehicles. New energy electric vehicles reduce fuel consumption to a certain extent, and the cost of using electric vehicles is lower. It can run about 400 kilometers and only costs about 40 yuan. For drivers who drive taxis or buses, charging every day has become an essential thing. So, what are the classifications of charging piles?

　　Car charging piles are divided into column-type charging piles and wall-mounted charging piles according to conditions. Column-type charging piles are mostly used outdoors and can be installed directly in the open air. If the conditions are better, they can be installed in the carport, which can also protect your car and charging equipment. Wall-mounted charging piles are mostly installed in underground parking lots. Wall-mounted installations do not take up a lot of space. They are generally AC charging piles, and most of them belong to the slow charging pile series. It takes 6 to 10 hours to fully charge.

　　Car charging piles are divided into public charging piles, special charging piles and self-use charging piles according to the service objects. We can see public charging piles in public parking lots. Generally, DC piles are used, with high charging power and short charging time. It takes 30 minutes to 2 hours to fully charge, and the specific charging speed depends on your model. Special charging piles are generally installed inside the unit and are only used by internal personnel of the unit, and are generally slow charging piles. Self-use charging piles are generally purchased and installed by individuals. Due to the troublesome procedures for personal installation of charging piles, many old communities do not have the installation conditions. Generally, they are installed by themselves with their own private courtyards in the countryside, or planned and installed in new communities.

　　Car charging piles are divided into indoor charging piles and outdoor charging piles according to the installation location. Generally, outdoor charging piles can be installed directly in the open air. The equipment has a relatively high waterproof level and a high safety factor. The cost of indoor charging piles is relatively lower.

　　According to the number of interfaces, the car charging piles are divided into single charging piles and single charging piles and single charging charging piles. Generally, single pile charging piles with multiple charging piles are double charging piles, AC and DC dual-purpose charging piles.

　　Car charging piles are divided into AC charging piles and DC charging piles according to charging types. AC charging piles also become slow charging piles. The charging time is relatively long, but the installation cost is relatively low. It can be used by connecting to a 220V power supply. The community is basically installed AC charging pile. The installation of DC charging piles is more troublesome. First of all, it must have a large-load converter that can meet fast charging, which is not available in many old communities. The construction wiring is carried out by deep burial of large cables, and the site needs to be specially divided, and professional personnel are required to perform regular maintenance.

　　With the popularity of charging piles, the electromagnetic compatibility of charging piles has become one of the important parts of their safety. According to the standard content of "GB/T 18487.2 Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System Part 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements for Off-vehicle Conductive Power Supply Equipment", this paper makes some simple explanations in combination with actual test problems, and briefly introduces the EMC test of charging piles.

　　1. Immunity:

　　Charging piles mainly fall into the following four categories according to their use environment and output mode:

　　1. AC charging pile (non-residential environment), the output is AC, mainly for slow charging;

　　2. AC charging pile (residential environment), the output is AC, mainly for slow charging;

　　3. DC charging pile (non-residential environment), the output is DC, fast charging;

　　4. DC charging pile (non-residential environment), the output is DC, fast charging;

　　1.1 Immunity test level requirements

Table 1 AC charging pile (non-residential environment)

Table 2 AC charging pile (residential environment)

Table 3 DC charging pile (non-residential environment)

Table 4 DC charging pile (residential environment)

 

　　1.2 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity

　　1.2.1 Limits

　　A. Use ±2kV, ±4kV, ±6kV test voltage contact discharge;

　　B. Use ±2kV, ±4kV, ±8kV test voltage air discharge;

　　Refer to the IEC 61000-4-2 standard for the test, see Table 1 to Table 4 above for details.

　　1.2.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment;

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under the working condition of 50% of its full load, so the requirements for the resistive load are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V;

　　1.3 Radiated Immunity

　　1.3.1 Limits

　　Equipment for use in non-residential environments:

　　A. Equipment used in non-residential environments:

　　80M~1000MHz，10V/m;

　　1.4~2.0GHz，10V/m;

　　2.0~2.7GHz，10V/m;

　　The step is less than 1%, and the dwell time is not less than 1s;

　　B. Equipment used in residential environment:

　　80M~1000MHz，3V/m;

　　1.4~2.0GHz，3V/m;

　　2.0~2.7GHz，3V/m;

　　The step is less than 1%, and the dwell time is not less than 1s;

　　Refer to the IEC 61000-4-3 standard for the test, see Table 1 to Table 4 above for details.

　　1.3.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. It is necessary to test the four sides of the charging pile;

　　2. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment;

　　3. The mass of the charging pile is relatively large, and the diameter and load-bearing requirements of the darkroom turntable are relatively high;

　　4. When testing the charging pile, it is recommended to place the resistive load outside the darkroom. The output of the charging pile to the load needs to pass through a filter. The output of the charging pile is high voltage and high current, so the requirements for the filter in the darkroom are relatively high;

　　5. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under the working condition of 50% of its full load, so the requirements for the resistive load are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V;

　　1.4 Fast burst immunity

　　1.4.1 Limits

　　A. Signal line ±1KV/±2KV, 5/50ns waveform, 100kHz repetition frequency;

　　B. Power line ±2KV/±4KV, 5/50ns waveform, 100kHz repetition rate;

　　Refer to the IEC 61000-4-4 standard for the test, see the above Table 1~Table 4 for details

　　1.4.2 Test Status

Charging pile input

Charging pile CPT end

　　Note:

　　1. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under the working condition of 50% of its full load, so the requirements for the resistive load are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V;

　　1.5 Surge (shock) immunity

　　1.5.1 Limits

　　A. Line-to-line: ±2kV/±1kV, 1.2/50μs waveform, the voltage increases step by step;

　　B. Line to ground: ±4kV/±2kV, 1.2/50μs waveform, the voltage increases step by step;

　　Refer to the IEC 61000-4-5 standard for the test, see the above table 1~table 4 for details

　　1.5.2 Test Status

Charging pile input

Charging pile CPT end

　　Note:

　　1. CPT port, only for AC charging pile, non-residential environment;

　　2. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment;

　　3. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under the working condition of 50% of its full load, so the requirements for the resistive load are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V;

　　1.6 Conducted disturbance immunity

　　1.6.1 Limits

　　150k~80MHz, 10V/3V, AM80% (1kHz) modulation;

　　Refer to the IEC 61000-4-6 standard for testing, see the above Table 1~Table 4 for details

　　1.6.2 Test Status

Charging pile input

Charging pile CPT end

　　Note:

　　1. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment;

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under the working condition of 50% of its full load, so the requirements for the resistive load are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V;

　　1.7 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity

　　1.7.1 Limits

　　100A/m&30A/m, 50Hz, for systems below 32A;

　　Refer to the IEC 61000-4-8 standard for the test, see the above table 1~table 4 for details

　　1.7.2 Test Status

　　1.8 Immunity to voltage dips and short interruptions

　　1.8.1 Limits

　　40% U, 10 cycles; 70% U, 25 cycles; 80% U, 250 cycles; 0% U, 250 cycles;

　　Refer to IEC 61000-4-11, IEC 61000-4-34, IEC 61000-4-29 and other standards for testing, see Table 1~Table 4 above for details

　　1.8.2 Test Status

　　2. Launch:

　　2.1 Conducted emission

　　2.1.1 Output CPT-power port

　　2.1.1.1 Conducted emission limit requirements:


　　2.1.1.2 Test status


　　Note:

　　3. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment

　　4. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under three working conditions of 20%, 50%, and 80% of its full load. Therefore, the requirements for resistive loads are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V.

　　2.1.2 Output CPT-signal port

　　2.1.2.1 Conducted emission limit requirements:

　　2.1.2.2 Test status

　　Note:

　　1. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under three working conditions of 20%, 50%, and 80% of its full load. Therefore, the requirements for resistive loads are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V.

　　2.1.3 Input port-power port

　　2.1.3.1 Conducted emission limit requirements:

　　2.1.3.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under three working conditions of 20%, 50%, and 80% of its full load. Therefore, the requirements for resistive loads are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V.

　　2.1.4 Input terminal - signal port

　　2.1.4.1 Conducted emission limit requirements:

　　2.1.4.2 Test status

　　Note:

　　1. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under three working conditions of 20%, 50%, and 80% of its full load. Therefore, the requirements for resistive loads are relatively high. It is recommended that the DC reach 1500V and the AC reach 1000V.

　　2.2 Radiated emissions

　　2.2.1 Low frequency magnetic field 2k~185kHz

　　2.2.1.1 Limits

　　2.2.1.2 Test status

System Connection Diagram

Test physical map

　　Note:

　　1. It is necessary to test the four sides of the charging pile;

　　2. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment;

　　3. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under three working conditions of 20%, 50%, and 80% of its full load. Therefore, the requirements for resistive loads are relatively high. It is recommended that DC reach 1500V and AC reach 1000V;

　　2.2.2 Radiation emission 30M~1000MHz

　　2.2.2.1 Limits

　　2.2.2.2 Test status

　　Note:

　　1. The mass of the charging pile is relatively large, and the requirements for the diameter and load-bearing of the darkroom turntable are relatively high;

　　2. When testing the charging pile, it is recommended to place the resistive load outside the darkroom. The output of the charging pile to the load needs to pass through a filter. The output of the charging pile is high voltage and high current, so the requirements for the filter in the darkroom are relatively high;

　　3. If the charging pile is wall-mounted, follow the layout of the desktop equipment;

　　4. When testing the charging pile, it is necessary to ensure that it is tested under three working conditions of 20%, 50%, and 80% of its full load. Therefore, the requirements for resistive loads are relatively high. It is recommended that DC reach 1500V and AC reach 1000V;

　　2.3 Harmonic current and voltage flicker

　　2.3.1 Limits

　　Refer to the harmonic current emission limits specified in GB17625.1 (rated current per phase≤16A), and the voltage fluctuation and flicker emission limits specified in GB/T17625.8 (rated current per phase>16A and ≤75A);

　　Refer to the harmonic current emission limits specified in GB/T17625.2 (rated current per phase≤16A), voltage fluctuation and flicker emission limits specified in GB/T17625.7 (rated current per phase>16A and ≤75A);

　　2.3.2 Test Status

　　Note:

　　1. The harmonic current test is only applicable to: rated voltage 220V, single-phase, three-wire, rated voltage 380V, three-phase, five-wire, rated frequency 50Hz;

　　2. For charging mode 2 and charging mode 3, there is no need for harmonic current measurement;

　　3. For charging mode 3, the power input port of the power supply equipment using electromechanical switches does not need to conduct voltage fluctuation and flicker tests;

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