International and domestic car companies radiation immunity handheld antenna method test difference comparison_Century Wisdom (Suzhou) Testing Technology Co., Ltd

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International and domestic car companies radiation immunity handheld antenna method test difference comparison

Release time:

2023-01-06 00:00

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The international standards for the hand-held antenna test of automotive electronic radiation immunity generally refer to ISO11452-9, which is also the common basic standard that most car companies refer to when formulating their own electromagnetic compatibility requirements. It is required to make a brief introduction of these common parts, and then list and explain the special requirements of each car company one by one.

► ISO11452-9 test requirements

► ISO11452-9 test arrangement

► ISO11452-9 test key details

Ø The test results of near-field immunity and the type of antenna used have a great influence. In order to ensure the consistency of the test, the Schwarzberg antenna SBA9113 with a 420NJ antenna vibrator is specified.

Ø The length of the wire harness between the sample and the test fixture (load/function simulator) is 1700mm.

Ø Insulation bracket height 50mm

Ø The sample is powered by a vehicle battery

Ø When the distance between the sample to be tested and the antenna is 50mm;

Ø Effective test area 100×100mm;

Ø Antenna moving step 100mm

Ø All test surfaces of the sample need to be divided into square test units of 100×100mm. The test unit needs to be exposed to the center of the test antenna and the vibrator to test two polarization directions.

Ø Test method for positioning the antenna coupled to the sample

(a) The test antenna is parallel to the sample harness for testing

(b) The antenna is rotated 90° for testing

(d) Move the antenna to the center of the vibrator and align it with the test unit for testing;

(e) Rotate the antenna 90° for testing

(f) Adjust the antenna vibrator to the next test unit, repeat (d), (e).

(g) According to steps (a)~(f), test the other test surface of the sample (defined in the test plan)

Ø Test method for antenna positioning coupling to wiring harness

a. The antenna is placed in the center of the connector parallel to the harness for testing.

b. For wire harnesses with a length greater than or equal to 300mm, from the DUT connector end, the antenna movement is tested at a step interval of 100mm.

(1) Let’s first look at the corporate standard GMW3097:2019 of General Motors of the United States

3.4.4 Near-field portable transmitter method

► Equipment

The test equipment needs to meet the requirements in ISO11452-1 and ISO11452-9 according to the following specifications:

·Ø Need to use the hand-held antenna test method.

Ø Due to the high "field strength", only small broadband antennas can be used for this test (according to ISO 11452-9). An example of such an antenna is the Schwarzbeck antenna SBA9113+420NJ. When the antenna is in the near field of the antenna during the test, a field strength is generated between the DUT and its wiring harness.

► program

Ø The test procedure needs to meet the following provisions in ISO11452-9 according to the following specifications:

Ø Use the test frequency specified in Table 16

Ø The dwell time of RF modulation is 2s.

Ø According to ISO 11452-9, net power is used for calibration

Ø To assess compliance and any deviation thresholds, forward power should be the test parameter used to achieve this net power (at least 1m from any object when using the antenna for calibration)

Ø During "field" testing, this forward power should not be adjusted unless a deviation is found. Any and all deviation thresholds should be related to this forward power metric

Note: For clarification, during a "field test" near-field interactions between the antenna and the DUT (and its wiring harness) will affect the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), resulting in a change in the reflected power from the antenna and thus changing the "field net power". If a deviation is observed, the forward power should be reduced (typically in 1dB increments) to determine the threshold. This forward power threshold should be a parameter documented as a deviation threshold and then summarized/plotted in the report. The "field" net power is not used to determine the performance of the DUT.

► Requirements

The functional excursion of the DUT may only be higher than the level specified in Table 16.

Table 16: Handheld Transmitting Antenna Test Levels

Remark 1: According to ISO 11452-9, the net power transmitted to the antenna input port is established when the antenna is at least 1m away from any object.

Remark 2: Due to customer experience and the ubiquity of cellular telephony, even a Class 1 function cannot inadvertently respond to the maximum RF exposure presented by the handset. So level 1 and level 2 are the same.

Note 3. The pulse field strength requirement is the peak V/m (maximum RMS) level

► Reporting:

The test report needs to include the following:

Ø A description of the functions to be monitored

Ø Any functional deviation

Ø Modulation status

Ø Immunity threshold data

Ø Individual worst-case details (for each deviation) showing intensity levels, including maximum field strength levels and thresholds and frequencies.

Ø Test level requirements, should include all details.

Ø The limited field strength level of any restricted EUT should be determined

Ø Monitor the use of instruments and techniques

(2) Next, let’s look at NIO-TP.20.007:2019, the benchmarking car company of new energy vehicles, NIO-TP.20.007:2019

► Test level (frequency band, modulation)

Remark:

The test levels apply only to the antennas specified in this standard.

► The net power at the antenna input needs to be determined at a distance of 1 meter.

The following elements need to be listed in the report;

Ø Function monitoring description

Ø Any performance deviation

Ø The maximum radiation of each frequency point

Ø Test equipment limit indication

Ø Requirements include deviation thresholds

(3) Let’s take a look at GWT A D05-02:2017-07, the corporate standard of Great Wall Motors, a leading domestic SUV company

► Frequency range from 20 MHz to 5.85 GHz

► See Table 29 for test severity levels.

Table 29 Test severity levels

(4) Next, let's look at the corporate standard TL81000_2018_03-EN of the well-known German car company Volkswagen

► Full compliance with ISO 11452-9

(5) Next, let’s look at FMC1278_REV3, the corporate standard of Ford, a veteran American car company.

► 12.7 Requirements: 360 – 2700 MHz: RI 115

Remark:

► Test severity levels are based on the net power delivered to the antenna input port as determined in the relevant test verification

► Test layout

1. DUT 2. Test harness

3. Load Simulator 4. Power Supply

5. Ground plane 6. Dielectric support (r≤1.4)

7. Artificial network 8. Test antenna (Schwarzbeck antenna SBA9113, element 420NJ)

9. Supporting equipment 10. Low-loss coaxial cable assembly, the distance between the cable and the antenna element shall not be less than 1m.

11. Bulkhead RF coaxial connector 12. Radio frequency generation equipment

(6) Then let’s look at the corporate logo VS-00.35-L-10008 of Chang’an Automobile, a veteran domestic automaker.

3.8 Transmitter Immunity: PTI

► The test method refers to ISO 11452-9, and the test distance depends on the actual application of the DUT.

► The specification specifies the test antenna models, Schwarzbeck SBA9113+420NJ and SBA9119+422NJ.

► Fully shielded metal surfaces do not need to be tested.

► Transmitter immunity test arrangement

► Relative position of transmitter immunity test antenna and DUT

DUT shell and wiring harness description	Distance requirements between RF antenna and DUT
The distance between the DUT shell and the wire harness is more than 200mm from the transmitter or from the user-accessible position.	50mm
The DUT shell and wiring harness are within 200mm from the transmitter or where the user may come into contact	10mm

► Transmitter immunity antenna test location

Ø The wiring harness and LISN involved in the test layout of modules without wiring harness (such as smart key and RKE key) are not applicable.

Ø The typical test position method is the same as 11452-9, as follows:

► The test signal parameter requirements are as follows:

► According to the DUT function type, the test level requirements and performance criterion requirements are as follows:

Interference level	Functional Level Requirements
Interference level	Class C	Class D
Grade 1	I	I
Level 2	III	III

(7) Finally, let’s look at MES PW 67602D, the corporate standard of Mazda Motor, a well-known Japanese car company.

► Test frequency range: 360 to 6,000 MHz

Remark:

(1) Unless any test severity level is specified on the specification drawing, level B should be selected.

(2) The test severity rating is based on the net power delivered to the antenna input port as determined in the relevant test verification.

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